The Peopling of America Questions Essay - 714 Words

The Peopling of America Questions 1. Why do you think the Virginians were incapable of feeding themselves--when the Indians were able to grow corn, the woods were filled with game, and the rivers were covered with geese and filled with fish? I feel that the Virginians were incapable of feeding themselves because they weren’t familiar with the land or how to grow the crops. They also didn’t have a good relationship with the Indians like the people of Plymouth started out having, and if they did the Indians could have showed them how to take care of themselves. 2. Why did these individuals migrate to the New World? To have a fresh start away from England and all of their absurd laws and restrictions on religion. They were tired†¦show more content†¦There was a lot more violence between the colonists and Indians in the Chesapeake than in the Northern colonies. 3. Why might women have had a shorter life expectancy than men? I think women had a shorter life expectancy because their bodies went through more suffering than the men since they had to endure child birth. Child birth could lead to sickness and infections and all sorts of other things that the men wouldn’t be exposed to. ----- 1. How does the growth of the colonial population compare to the growth of the American population today? The growth rate was only at 3.5% back then where as today it must be triple that, or more. Also our population today grows much faster due to medicine for diesaes and such. 2. What were the major contributors to the growth of the colonial population? The declining mortality rate had an impact on the population since more people were surviving. 3. What factors may have contributed to the decline in fertility after 1800? ----- 1. How many slaves were imported into the American colonies and the United States? 459,822 slaves were imported into the colonies and 44,207 to Virginia. 2. Which country imported the greatest number of slaves? British carribean 3. Construct an explanation of why the United States, which imported a relatively small number of slaves from Africa, had by far the largest black population in the New World by l820? Even though they imported a small amountShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Effects of the Slave Trade on Africa, Britain, and America1398 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s world it is widely know and accepted that money makes the world go round but, unfortunately that is not the question. The question is: what made the world go round in the early 1600’s? Surprisingly, just like the world today money made the world go around back then also. One major difference is that in today’s world machines do all of our dirty work, back then it was all up to the slaves. Finding the perfect slave was a challenge to the colonists. 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Cancer Vs Immmunotherapy For Cancer - 994 Words

Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has had tremendous growth recently with increased awareness and knowledge of the immune system and potential means to manipulate it for therapeutic intent. Progress in the treatment of viral infections including CMV, EBV, HHV-6, utilization of immune checkpoint blockade for melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and Hodgkin Lymphoma, as well as rapid emergence of genetically modified T cells against CD19+ B cells have contributed to the growth in this area.Antibody-targeted therapy has now become standard of care for many malignancies, and the multi-domain utilization of antigen-specific adoptive T-cell therapy has shown great promises. 4 While our understanding of B cell and T cell and our ability to†¦show more content†¦The key role of NK cells in various aspects of immune response are now being recognized and have been attracting increased attention for their potential clinical efficacy via immune-based therapies. As their name implies, this unique member of the innate immune system can recognize targets without being previously sensitized and thus kill cells that are deemed dangerous to the host. This is particularly important when evaluating biologic studies of NK cells and factors that influence NK-cell effect in cancer immune-surveillance, viral immunity, and transplantation alloreactivity. In this chapter, we will review NK cell biology, discuss their role in the alloHSCT setting, and review new advances in incorporating NK cells as therapeutic options for malignancies. Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) can be divided broadly into two major lineages mainly T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. While mature cells NK cells are morphologically identified as LGL, nearly a decade after their initial discovery, NK cells were characterized as lymphocytes having an immuno-phenotype that lacked expression of CD3- but expressed CD56+. This characterization thereby differentiated them from T-cells having CD3+ expressi on and thus NK cells do not express the CD3/T-cell receptor (TCR) complex or experience TCR gene rearrangement. NK cells can be further divided into two distinct

Leonardo vs Andy Warhol’s Mona Lisa Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Leonardo vs Andy Warhol’s Mona Lisa Argumentative Essay The connecting assemblages Of the curves Of ere hair, the linear of the luxurious fabric and the placement of her hands are reflected in the swells and rises of the vast, receding and diminishing landscape which also creates a sense of depth. The parallel been humanity and nature has been established in such a gracefully fluid way within the pyramid design that captivates and draws the viewers eye around aesthetics of the painting in a cycle, resembling the unison between the two. The subject matter and style tooth Mona Lisa also links to an idea to creating an atmosphere and to evoke responses. For example, the artwork seems to manifest an atmosphere of calmness due to the Saputo technique that makes the painting slightly blurred and softens her features her expression appears blended, almost to the point of being hazy, and in doing so, her beautiful smile and gaze is left open for interpretation. Her dignified figure is relaxed and comfortable, and Lemonades painting technique renders her anatomy unbelievably, luminously natural and, along with her dynamic expression, she appears even more real and thus heightening her emotional presence. Whilst one could interpret the artwork to convey a sense of calmness, you could also argue that an pretence Of mystery is also presented through the palette of earthy tones and murky hues, the chiaroscuro Of Mona Aliass garment contrasted With the lighter sky, and Of course her renowned smile and eyes of which you are unable to determine its true sentiment. Her expression could also convey one Of intelligence as her gaze can be interpreted as one that is subtly expressing her inner musing, indicating the importance Leonardo placed on intellect and not the just beauty that Mona Lisa evidently possesses. Whilst the artwork, Mona Lisa, by Andy Warhol, contains the original painting of Mona Lisa as its subject matter, the manipulation of the image and Whorls style has rendered the depiction of the original to have a very different effect and meaning. For example, Warhol has repeated the original numerously on the page in a seemingly random manner; the paintings are rotated and overlap one another. The mechanical printing process is apparent as the paintings have varying levels of registration and color. There is no ground established established resulting in shallow and flattened space, and there is no longer a focus point lacking in order and depth, Mona Aliass essence and presence is lost through her repetition; the overuse of Mona Lisa gives the effect of degrading her significance through no longer being singular and unique. The primary colors creates a crude and brass effect, and the manipulation of her image through the mechanical process debases the quality Of the original work it simply becomes an image With no connection. Overall, the significance and relationship to the original is lost through the absence Of the details and style that Leonardo employed Which produced the atmosphere Mona Lisa and the landscape powerfully emitted. However, another idea that you could abstract from Whorls style and subject matter is that it is a reflection of the 20th century social and cultural explosion of consumerism, mass media and production. The overuse of Mona Lisa portrays the new ability to mass produce, and her style appears mechanical, relating to mesmerism and production of machines. It could also be a reflection of the medias ability to objectify through mass production just as how Mona Lisa has 10th her sense of self in his work, A further idea is that his work is a reaction against realism; with the invention of photography, you no longer needed to create a replica of reality, instead Warhol created artwork that focused on the concept rather than the aesthetics of realism, and to create work that was a recognizable form of art that also utilized the one dimensional quality of a canvas. .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .postImageUrl , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:hover , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:visited , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:active { border:0!important; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:active , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What kind of rhetorical function Warhol's use of iconic objects in his artwork serves? EssayPositive connotations can also be drawn, for example, whilst it is argued that Whorls work is not an original, in turn you could perceive that his work is taking a new outlook on Mona Lisa and he is transforming high art into something modern, and in doing so, he diminished the high art exclusivity connotation that was attached to the original and challenges the concept of art that once dominated, and instead, Warhol demonstrates that art is an universal and infinitive concept (hence the repetition of Mona Lisa), that anyone can produce, interpret, understand or relate to.

Sleep Stages and Disorders

Introduction Going by a general overview, sleep can be seen as a long period of loss of consciousness but during which one can awakened from. Sleep is a normal state of bodily behavior change where one enters a period of unconsciousness, the sensory and movement activities are deferred and all voluntary muscular movements suspended.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sleep Stages and Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During sleep, a person is less aware of the external environment and the source of stimuli at this stage is primarily internal. A more elaborate look into understanding sleep take a look at the two aspects of sleep which is the behavior observed during sleeping periods as well as the scientific explanation of the physiological processes involved during sleep. Behavioral perspective looks at sleep as a period characterized by immobility or slight movement, a decrease in eye movements, a decrease in awareness of external stimuli, certain body postures, unconsciousness that is in real sense reversible, and reduced cognition. The physiology of sleep is well understood by looking at the electrical rhythms of human mind recorded during sleep. An understanding of these two aspects of defining sleep helps us to explain the step by step process of sleep (Russo, 2005). The process of sleep follows 5stages each marked by a difference in brain wave patterns. The stage 1 consists of periods during which one switches between sleep and wakefulness. The amount of sleep here is light making it easier to stay in touch with external stimuli. This is the stage which the muscles enter a relaxation state. Being the first stage, it marks the first few minutes after one falls asleep and since it is light, one can be aroused and awakened from time to time by any slight disturbance. It forms 5-10% of the whole sleep period. The second stage marks the first feel of the actual sleep during which one looses total consciousness. Movement of the eyelids cease at this stage and the brain waves slowdown. The heart rate also decreases and is accompanied by a fall in body temperatures. This stage accounts for 40-50% of the total sleep period. Stage 3 is marked by a major slowdown in brain wave movements. This marks the entry into a period of deep sleep during which one cannot easily be awakened. A person awakened at this stage has immediate feels of disorientation and takes sometime to completely adjust to wakefulness. Stage 4 is hard to differentiate from stage 3 and in some cases the two have been combined. It is the stage where brain waves reach very slow movement patterns. At this stage, much of the blood that goes to the brain is now diverted to the muscles and energy lost during various activities begins to be replenished. This stage marks very intense deep period of sleep. This is the stage during which certain sleep disorders like sleepwalking, bedwetting and nightma res are experienced (Billiard Kent, 2003)..Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The last stage of sleep is known as REM standing for rapid eye movement. This occurs 70-90 minutes from the time one falls asleep and in the total sleep time it makes up 20-25% and occurs for about 4-5 times during the whole sleep period. Most dreams occur at this stage of sleep. REM periods start as short durations but as sleep cycles progress the duration of REM increases. During this stage, the eyeballs increase in movement, the heart rate and breathing rate increases but occur in irregular at irregular intervals, and blood pressure increases. REM also marks a period during which the muscles are temporarily paralyzed making limbs movement impossible. This is considered an important phenomenon since if this was not to happen people would be acting according to their dreams at this stage. The brain waves at this stage are actually very fast and high indicating that the brain is very active. The levels of brain activity are almost as high as those experienced when one is awake. It has been found out that if one is awoken during the REM stage, it is possible to remember their dreams very vividly (Hunt, 2009). The term getting enough sleep does not only refer to being in bed for a long time, it incorporates spending enough amount of time in each of the sleep stages. Each stage of sleep brings with it benefits to the body and therefore sleep as a whole is beneficial. Sleep has been termed as an important period during which restoration of various body resources occur. This is recorded in various areas such as restoration of energy levels. This occurs mainly in stage 4 when various body processes increase and blood is directed to the muscles thus restoring energy lost during work. Sleep is also important in restoration in from of healing wounds. This is shown by the decreases in w hite blood cells reported in cases of sleep deprivation. Related to this is the fact that the immune system is also boosted by getting enough sleep. During the REM stage when the body processes and brain activity are almost as those recorded when one is awake, results in increased metabolism during which the growth hormones are secreted thereby marking the importance of sleep in the growth process. Sleep has been shown to contribute to learning and memory processing. Adequate sleep assists the brain in processing new information taken in and preserving it in the long term memory which improves the cognitive functions. Various studies have shown that sleeping after taking in new information resulted in higher chances of memorizing the facts afterwards.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sleep Stages and Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lack of enough sleep also leads to an impaired memory. Getting enough sleep ensures that one gets enough rest to replenish the nervous system. This ensures that a person has the physical ability to face the day ahead. Getting enough sleep acts as a safety measure that reduces the chances of mishaps. A sleep deprived person may find themselves dozing off during the daytime and during the working hours. This increase the chances of making errors which might result in mistakes that maybe of great consequences such as traffic accidents, tripping and falling, and accidents at work place. The relaxation effect and restoration that is brought about by getting enough sleep means that the person wakes up when in a good mood. Sleep deprivation on the other hand has been associated with irritability, loss of concentration, lack of patience and general low moods. Sleep has been linked to cardiovascular health with studies showing that sleep reduces the chances of elevation of the cardiovascular illnesses. The explanation for this is that sleep disorders r esult in health conditions such as hypertension, stress, and the heart beating unevenly. These factors highly increase the chances of attack by cardiovascular illnesses. After clear understanding of the importance of sleep in the functioning of a person’s body, it should be understood that the amount of sleep needed for normal functioning is different compared to the amount of sleep that a body requires for optimum functioning capacity. This however differs from person to person with some people recording additional benefits from sleeping for longer while others get maximum benefits for getting just enough sleep. There is however no definite formula for determining the exact duration needed for each person to know when they get optimum benefits, but one can always try and evaluate how different sleep duration serves to fulfill their sleep needs. Experts such as National Institute of Health have however come up with a conclusion of the average amount of time that persons in di fferent age groups need per night. During the infant stage of growth, the amount of hours that should be spent on sleep is greater. This sleep duration at this stage occurs in a number of sessions which when added up give the total amount of sleep time in infancy stage. The total sleep time in infancy add up to 14-16 hours per day. The total sleep time the hits a decrease phase as the young baby grows in age. Sleep in infancy stage is different in that a bigger amount of sleep time is spent in REM other than deep sleep. This is the reason the newborns are often switching between wakefulness and sleep. This is important for the rapid growth that takes place in newborns and is facilitated by the REM stage of sleep.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As one enters the adult stage of growth, the average sleep time required per night decreases to 7-8 hours, with different sources quoting varying figures but close to this. The amount of sleep needed however varies with some people requiring less hours and other more than 8 hours of sleep. The determinant here is whether the individual had in the recent past been deprived of sleep which requires compensation. Spending less than the required time in sleep is detrimental as it leads to ‘sleep debt’. This has been shown to have adverse effect on human mind and body functioning and can only be resolved by sleeping for longer hours. As one reaches old age, sleep tends to be light and the duration spent in sleep is usually shorter. The shortened duration is as a result of a decrease in the amount time spent on stages III and IV of the sleep time which in average goes down by approximately 10-15%. Although there has been reported an increase in time spent in stage II amongst t he old, the increase is low and not enough to compensate for the time that is lost in stage III and IV. Old people experience difficulties in falling asleep coupled with periods of arousals during sleep which marks the shortening of the total sleep time. This can only be compensated by increasing the amount of time spent in bed or otherwise cases of loss of sleep are reported. These cases are compounded by the various medical conditions that are associated with aging like breathing difficulties during sleep, weakened muscles, and weakened heart function (Smith Segal, 2010). Getting enough sleep is very essential for optimum functioning of both the human mind and the body. A person who doesn’t spend the required amount of sleep time per night is termed as being sleep deprived. While the indicators of sleep deprivation may not be so intense as to be figured outright, the compounded effect that it has on a person’s lifestyle is one that can affect the total body output u ntil the problem is resolved by compensating fro the lost sleep. Sleep deprivation can be caused by several factors which include; sleeping late which means reduced total sleep time, waking up earlier than accustomed for, interruption during sleep which means that certain stages of sleep are interrupted, or failing to sleep completely (Milner Cote, 2008). Sleep deprivation is shown by signs that in most cases are considered to be normal. One should be able to wake up naturally after spending enough time sleeping, however most people need alarm clocks to act as reminders which is a clear sign of sleep deprivation. If you struggle to get out of bed when it’s time to wake up, you are possibly sleep deprived. Simple laziness that is synonymous with afternoon sessions, or feeling sleepy in odd places and times like in meetings or classroom marks the evidence of sleep deprivation. After heavy meals and especially in the afternoons, most people consider taking a nap as a normal rou tine while in the contrary it shows signs of a sleep deprived individual. Another sign of a sleep deprived person is dozing off while in a vehicle, or watching TV as well as falling into deep sleep immediately after getting to bed. Sleep deprivation results in general reduction in functional capability of a person. This emanates from the various effects that are resultant from sleep deprivation. A sleep deprived individual lacks motivation and shows general sluggishness as well as low concentration levels. Lack of enough sleep causes one to be moody and easily angered which in sense leads to an increase in stress levels and inability to make sound decisions and solve problems. Health wise, sleep deficiency weakens the body immune system resulting in frequent attacks by diseases such as colds. One’s safety is put at risk as the impairment in motor skills can result in fatal accidents. Sleep deficiency has been associated with cases of weight gain, diabetes and cardiovascular i llnesses. Normal sleeping is sometimes interrupted resulting in what we term as sleeping disorders. The various disorders associated with sleep occur in various manners; disruptions during sleep, difficulty sleeping in general, and sleeping for longer durations. The most evident and probably the most commonly known disorder of sleep is insomnia. The disorder is characterized by general lack of sleep during the night. It occurs when one is unable to initially fall asleep and maintain continuous sleep durations. It is also reported in other cases as awakening in early morning hours and failure to fall asleep after sleep is interrupted. The diagnostic criteria for insomnia require that the incidents of lack of sleep occur for 3-4 times in a week and continue for a period exceeding one month. Insomnia can be either acute or chronic. The acute type is not persistent for long and is said to result from stressful conditions and disappears soon after the situation normalizes. Chronic insomn ia however is the most common and is often coupled by other conditions such as mental disorders, medication, as well as drug abuse (Lee, 2006). Another sleep disorder that is common today is sleep apnoea. It occurs in two different ways and can therefore be classified as either Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) or central sleep apnoea (CSA). Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is characterized by partial blockage of the airway which results in difficult when breathing during sleep. Some of the common cases of OSAS are when sleep is accompanied by heavy snoring, a feeling of chocking, instances of complete absence of breathing, and physical movements such as jerking and trembling indicating that the airway has been obstructed. It consequently affects the sleep patterns and those who suffer the condition often fail to enter the deep sleep stages of sleep. According to Chowdhuri Badr (2008), Central Sleep Apnoea on the other hand occurs when there is failure in breathing during s leep brought about by the inability to control the ventilatory motor output which normally is responsible fro opening up the airway during breathing. CSA brings about symptoms similar to those of insomniacs coupled with feeling sleepy during the day and awakening during sleep hours. Narcolepsy-cataplexy is a sleep disorder that is marked by frequent sleep attacks especially during the daytime hours. This is often frequent and persists for quite sometime and therefore should not be mistaken from the daytime sleepiness that is as a result of insomnia, interrupted sleep during the previous day, boredom, or due to physical fatigue. The frequent attacks of sleep occur are rapid and one is unable to control falling asleep. It happens for a short duration ranging from seconds to several minutes. A good number of people have been said to suffer from narcolepsy and are aware of the symptoms but most of those who suffer it never seek medical interventions and hence continue to live with the p roblem. The sudden attacks of sleep can in other cases be coupled with a feeling of weak muscles that are unable to support the body, a condition known as cataplexy. When the two sates combine to result in a condition that is referred to as Narcolepsy-cataplexy, the result is an incidence of a total body muscular collapse coupled with some deep sleep lasting for a few minutes and could be confused with epilepsy. The common cause of the condition is said to be a malfunction in the central nervous system which can be kept in control by persistent use of medication (Chou Chuang, 2008). A number of sleep related abnormal behaviors have been related to a sleep disorder known as parasomnia. Parasomnia is a condition associated movements and actions that are unusual during sleep and periods during which one is aroused from sleep either leading to disruption of sleep or not. Several disorders of sleep are categorized under parasomnia. The most common of these is sleepwalking. It is a disor der that is common amongst the children of up to 12 years. Its start is marked by activation of the motor activity when the brain enters a slow wave phase. This is followed by several minutes of abnormal movement around the room or house. There have not been any reported cases of criminal activities that have taken place as a result of sleepwalking. Causes that are said to bring about this condition are lack of enough sleep, exhaustion, prevailing ailment, and certain sedative drugs. Another parasomnia disorder is night terrors. This condition is marked by the person making sharp intense screams in their sleep that are usually combined with a feeling of fear and confusion. Nightmares are said to occur during the phases of slow brain wave movements too. In most cases, patients who are diagnosed with night terrors also experience sleepwalking disorder. Factors said to contribute to night terrors are sleep deprivation, loss of energy, illness, drugs that give a hypnotic feeling, and re lated incidents (Synder, 1987). Another parasomnia related disorder is Rapid Eye Movement sleep disorder (RBD). A person expiring RBD often does action that mimic the dreams they are having usually in the 5th stage of sleep which is the Rapid Eye Movement phase. The abnormal dream actions often end up in injuries to the person or the bed partner. This disorder is mostly experienced amongst the aged population. For this reason a link was discovered that associated the process of neurodegenerative diseases amongst the aged with the occurrence of RBD. Bruxism is a sleep disorder that categorized under the parasomnia disorders of sleep. It is marked by abnormal tooth grinding during sleep. It is common during the adolescent years but cases have been reported of old people with the condition. Bruxism has been associated to prevalence of certain disorders amongst the children e.g. cerebral palsy. Factors that elevate the tooth grinding for person’s suffering from bruxism are appreh ension, tension, stress, and dental related diseases (Chokroverty, 2009). In conclusion, sleep has been a much researched on subject with helpful information being substantiated. This include the process of falling asleep and the importance of each stage, the importance of sleep in mind and body function, and the various disorders that are associated with sleep. People can now be able to make good timing of their sleep hours and get the average amount of sleep time needed for healthy functioning. Sleep has therefore proven an important subject that requires understanding by every person who wants to avoid the common assumptions and seeks to get good sleep for it has been found out that sleep influences every aspect of mind and body function. References Billiard, M. Kent, A. (2003). Sleep: Physiology, Investigations, and Medicine. New York: Springer. Chowdhuri, S. Badr, M. S. (2008). Central Sleep Apnoea. Indian Journal of Medical Research ,131(6). 150-164. Chokroverty, S. (2009). Overview of Sleep Sleep Disorders. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 131(5), 126-140. Chou, Y. Chuang, L. (2008). Hyperlipidaemia in Patients with Sleep-related Breathing Disorders: Prevalence and Risk Factors. Indian Journal of Medical Research 131(7), 121-125. Hunt, B. (2009). Stages of Sleep. Dream Views, 23(12), 11-17. Lee-Chiong, T. (2006). Sleep: A Comprehensive Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Milner, C. Cote, K. (2008). Benefits of Napping. European Sleep Research Society Journal, 18(9), 272-281. Russo, M. (2005). Sleep: Understanding the Basics. e-Medicine Health Journal, 120, Retrieved from https://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/hp.asp Smith, M. Segal, R. (2010). How Much Sleep do you Ned? Guide to Healthy Sleep, 12(5), 36. Synder, G. (1987). Sleep Disorders. Professional Sleep Societies Journal, 13(4), 3-6. This research paper on Sleep Stages and Disorders was written and submitted by user Wesley S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.