The Peopling of America Questions Essay - 714 Words

The Peopling of America Questions 1. Why do you think the Virginians were incapable of feeding themselves--when the Indians were able to grow corn, the woods were filled with game, and the rivers were covered with geese and filled with fish? I feel that the Virginians were incapable of feeding themselves because they weren’t familiar with the land or how to grow the crops. They also didn’t have a good relationship with the Indians like the people of Plymouth started out having, and if they did the Indians could have showed them how to take care of themselves. 2. Why did these individuals migrate to the New World? To have a fresh start away from England and all of their absurd laws and restrictions on religion. They were tired†¦show more content†¦There was a lot more violence between the colonists and Indians in the Chesapeake than in the Northern colonies. 3. Why might women have had a shorter life expectancy than men? I think women had a shorter life expectancy because their bodies went through more suffering than the men since they had to endure child birth. Child birth could lead to sickness and infections and all sorts of other things that the men wouldn’t be exposed to. ----- 1. How does the growth of the colonial population compare to the growth of the American population today? The growth rate was only at 3.5% back then where as today it must be triple that, or more. Also our population today grows much faster due to medicine for diesaes and such. 2. What were the major contributors to the growth of the colonial population? The declining mortality rate had an impact on the population since more people were surviving. 3. What factors may have contributed to the decline in fertility after 1800? ----- 1. How many slaves were imported into the American colonies and the United States? 459,822 slaves were imported into the colonies and 44,207 to Virginia. 2. Which country imported the greatest number of slaves? British carribean 3. Construct an explanation of why the United States, which imported a relatively small number of slaves from Africa, had by far the largest black population in the New World by l820? Even though they imported a small amountShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Effects of the Slave Trade on Africa, Britain, and America1398 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s world it is widely know and accepted that money makes the world go round but, unfortunately that is not the question. The question is: what made the world go round in the early 1600’s? Surprisingly, just like the world today money made the world go around back then also. One major difference is that in today’s world machines do all of our dirty work, back then it was all up to the slaves. Finding the perfect slave was a challenge to the colonists. 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Cancer Vs Immmunotherapy For Cancer - 994 Words

Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has had tremendous growth recently with increased awareness and knowledge of the immune system and potential means to manipulate it for therapeutic intent. Progress in the treatment of viral infections including CMV, EBV, HHV-6, utilization of immune checkpoint blockade for melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and Hodgkin Lymphoma, as well as rapid emergence of genetically modified T cells against CD19+ B cells have contributed to the growth in this area.Antibody-targeted therapy has now become standard of care for many malignancies, and the multi-domain utilization of antigen-specific adoptive T-cell therapy has shown great promises. 4 While our understanding of B cell and T cell and our ability to†¦show more content†¦The key role of NK cells in various aspects of immune response are now being recognized and have been attracting increased attention for their potential clinical efficacy via immune-based therapies. As their name implies, this unique member of the innate immune system can recognize targets without being previously sensitized and thus kill cells that are deemed dangerous to the host. This is particularly important when evaluating biologic studies of NK cells and factors that influence NK-cell effect in cancer immune-surveillance, viral immunity, and transplantation alloreactivity. In this chapter, we will review NK cell biology, discuss their role in the alloHSCT setting, and review new advances in incorporating NK cells as therapeutic options for malignancies. Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) can be divided broadly into two major lineages mainly T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. While mature cells NK cells are morphologically identified as LGL, nearly a decade after their initial discovery, NK cells were characterized as lymphocytes having an immuno-phenotype that lacked expression of CD3- but expressed CD56+. This characterization thereby differentiated them from T-cells having CD3+ expressi on and thus NK cells do not express the CD3/T-cell receptor (TCR) complex or experience TCR gene rearrangement. NK cells can be further divided into two distinct

Leonardo vs Andy Warhol’s Mona Lisa Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Leonardo vs Andy Warhol’s Mona Lisa Argumentative Essay The connecting assemblages Of the curves Of ere hair, the linear of the luxurious fabric and the placement of her hands are reflected in the swells and rises of the vast, receding and diminishing landscape which also creates a sense of depth. The parallel been humanity and nature has been established in such a gracefully fluid way within the pyramid design that captivates and draws the viewers eye around aesthetics of the painting in a cycle, resembling the unison between the two. The subject matter and style tooth Mona Lisa also links to an idea to creating an atmosphere and to evoke responses. For example, the artwork seems to manifest an atmosphere of calmness due to the Saputo technique that makes the painting slightly blurred and softens her features her expression appears blended, almost to the point of being hazy, and in doing so, her beautiful smile and gaze is left open for interpretation. Her dignified figure is relaxed and comfortable, and Lemonades painting technique renders her anatomy unbelievably, luminously natural and, along with her dynamic expression, she appears even more real and thus heightening her emotional presence. Whilst one could interpret the artwork to convey a sense of calmness, you could also argue that an pretence Of mystery is also presented through the palette of earthy tones and murky hues, the chiaroscuro Of Mona Aliass garment contrasted With the lighter sky, and Of course her renowned smile and eyes of which you are unable to determine its true sentiment. Her expression could also convey one Of intelligence as her gaze can be interpreted as one that is subtly expressing her inner musing, indicating the importance Leonardo placed on intellect and not the just beauty that Mona Lisa evidently possesses. Whilst the artwork, Mona Lisa, by Andy Warhol, contains the original painting of Mona Lisa as its subject matter, the manipulation of the image and Whorls style has rendered the depiction of the original to have a very different effect and meaning. For example, Warhol has repeated the original numerously on the page in a seemingly random manner; the paintings are rotated and overlap one another. The mechanical printing process is apparent as the paintings have varying levels of registration and color. There is no ground established established resulting in shallow and flattened space, and there is no longer a focus point lacking in order and depth, Mona Aliass essence and presence is lost through her repetition; the overuse of Mona Lisa gives the effect of degrading her significance through no longer being singular and unique. The primary colors creates a crude and brass effect, and the manipulation of her image through the mechanical process debases the quality Of the original work it simply becomes an image With no connection. Overall, the significance and relationship to the original is lost through the absence Of the details and style that Leonardo employed Which produced the atmosphere Mona Lisa and the landscape powerfully emitted. However, another idea that you could abstract from Whorls style and subject matter is that it is a reflection of the 20th century social and cultural explosion of consumerism, mass media and production. The overuse of Mona Lisa portrays the new ability to mass produce, and her style appears mechanical, relating to mesmerism and production of machines. It could also be a reflection of the medias ability to objectify through mass production just as how Mona Lisa has 10th her sense of self in his work, A further idea is that his work is a reaction against realism; with the invention of photography, you no longer needed to create a replica of reality, instead Warhol created artwork that focused on the concept rather than the aesthetics of realism, and to create work that was a recognizable form of art that also utilized the one dimensional quality of a canvas. .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .postImageUrl , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:hover , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:visited , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:active { border:0!important; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:active , .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54 .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32295f2e4837b9cfa6f40069e2481e54:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What kind of rhetorical function Warhol's use of iconic objects in his artwork serves? EssayPositive connotations can also be drawn, for example, whilst it is argued that Whorls work is not an original, in turn you could perceive that his work is taking a new outlook on Mona Lisa and he is transforming high art into something modern, and in doing so, he diminished the high art exclusivity connotation that was attached to the original and challenges the concept of art that once dominated, and instead, Warhol demonstrates that art is an universal and infinitive concept (hence the repetition of Mona Lisa), that anyone can produce, interpret, understand or relate to.

Sleep Stages and Disorders

Introduction Going by a general overview, sleep can be seen as a long period of loss of consciousness but during which one can awakened from. Sleep is a normal state of bodily behavior change where one enters a period of unconsciousness, the sensory and movement activities are deferred and all voluntary muscular movements suspended.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sleep Stages and Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During sleep, a person is less aware of the external environment and the source of stimuli at this stage is primarily internal. A more elaborate look into understanding sleep take a look at the two aspects of sleep which is the behavior observed during sleeping periods as well as the scientific explanation of the physiological processes involved during sleep. Behavioral perspective looks at sleep as a period characterized by immobility or slight movement, a decrease in eye movements, a decrease in awareness of external stimuli, certain body postures, unconsciousness that is in real sense reversible, and reduced cognition. The physiology of sleep is well understood by looking at the electrical rhythms of human mind recorded during sleep. An understanding of these two aspects of defining sleep helps us to explain the step by step process of sleep (Russo, 2005). The process of sleep follows 5stages each marked by a difference in brain wave patterns. The stage 1 consists of periods during which one switches between sleep and wakefulness. The amount of sleep here is light making it easier to stay in touch with external stimuli. This is the stage which the muscles enter a relaxation state. Being the first stage, it marks the first few minutes after one falls asleep and since it is light, one can be aroused and awakened from time to time by any slight disturbance. It forms 5-10% of the whole sleep period. The second stage marks the first feel of the actual sleep during which one looses total consciousness. Movement of the eyelids cease at this stage and the brain waves slowdown. The heart rate also decreases and is accompanied by a fall in body temperatures. This stage accounts for 40-50% of the total sleep period. Stage 3 is marked by a major slowdown in brain wave movements. This marks the entry into a period of deep sleep during which one cannot easily be awakened. A person awakened at this stage has immediate feels of disorientation and takes sometime to completely adjust to wakefulness. Stage 4 is hard to differentiate from stage 3 and in some cases the two have been combined. It is the stage where brain waves reach very slow movement patterns. At this stage, much of the blood that goes to the brain is now diverted to the muscles and energy lost during various activities begins to be replenished. This stage marks very intense deep period of sleep. This is the stage during which certain sleep disorders like sleepwalking, bedwetting and nightma res are experienced (Billiard Kent, 2003)..Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The last stage of sleep is known as REM standing for rapid eye movement. This occurs 70-90 minutes from the time one falls asleep and in the total sleep time it makes up 20-25% and occurs for about 4-5 times during the whole sleep period. Most dreams occur at this stage of sleep. REM periods start as short durations but as sleep cycles progress the duration of REM increases. During this stage, the eyeballs increase in movement, the heart rate and breathing rate increases but occur in irregular at irregular intervals, and blood pressure increases. REM also marks a period during which the muscles are temporarily paralyzed making limbs movement impossible. This is considered an important phenomenon since if this was not to happen people would be acting according to their dreams at this stage. The brain waves at this stage are actually very fast and high indicating that the brain is very active. The levels of brain activity are almost as high as those experienced when one is awake. It has been found out that if one is awoken during the REM stage, it is possible to remember their dreams very vividly (Hunt, 2009). The term getting enough sleep does not only refer to being in bed for a long time, it incorporates spending enough amount of time in each of the sleep stages. Each stage of sleep brings with it benefits to the body and therefore sleep as a whole is beneficial. Sleep has been termed as an important period during which restoration of various body resources occur. This is recorded in various areas such as restoration of energy levels. This occurs mainly in stage 4 when various body processes increase and blood is directed to the muscles thus restoring energy lost during work. Sleep is also important in restoration in from of healing wounds. This is shown by the decreases in w hite blood cells reported in cases of sleep deprivation. Related to this is the fact that the immune system is also boosted by getting enough sleep. During the REM stage when the body processes and brain activity are almost as those recorded when one is awake, results in increased metabolism during which the growth hormones are secreted thereby marking the importance of sleep in the growth process. Sleep has been shown to contribute to learning and memory processing. Adequate sleep assists the brain in processing new information taken in and preserving it in the long term memory which improves the cognitive functions. Various studies have shown that sleeping after taking in new information resulted in higher chances of memorizing the facts afterwards.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sleep Stages and Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lack of enough sleep also leads to an impaired memory. Getting enough sleep ensures that one gets enough rest to replenish the nervous system. This ensures that a person has the physical ability to face the day ahead. Getting enough sleep acts as a safety measure that reduces the chances of mishaps. A sleep deprived person may find themselves dozing off during the daytime and during the working hours. This increase the chances of making errors which might result in mistakes that maybe of great consequences such as traffic accidents, tripping and falling, and accidents at work place. The relaxation effect and restoration that is brought about by getting enough sleep means that the person wakes up when in a good mood. Sleep deprivation on the other hand has been associated with irritability, loss of concentration, lack of patience and general low moods. Sleep has been linked to cardiovascular health with studies showing that sleep reduces the chances of elevation of the cardiovascular illnesses. The explanation for this is that sleep disorders r esult in health conditions such as hypertension, stress, and the heart beating unevenly. These factors highly increase the chances of attack by cardiovascular illnesses. After clear understanding of the importance of sleep in the functioning of a person’s body, it should be understood that the amount of sleep needed for normal functioning is different compared to the amount of sleep that a body requires for optimum functioning capacity. This however differs from person to person with some people recording additional benefits from sleeping for longer while others get maximum benefits for getting just enough sleep. There is however no definite formula for determining the exact duration needed for each person to know when they get optimum benefits, but one can always try and evaluate how different sleep duration serves to fulfill their sleep needs. Experts such as National Institute of Health have however come up with a conclusion of the average amount of time that persons in di fferent age groups need per night. During the infant stage of growth, the amount of hours that should be spent on sleep is greater. This sleep duration at this stage occurs in a number of sessions which when added up give the total amount of sleep time in infancy stage. The total sleep time in infancy add up to 14-16 hours per day. The total sleep time the hits a decrease phase as the young baby grows in age. Sleep in infancy stage is different in that a bigger amount of sleep time is spent in REM other than deep sleep. This is the reason the newborns are often switching between wakefulness and sleep. This is important for the rapid growth that takes place in newborns and is facilitated by the REM stage of sleep.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As one enters the adult stage of growth, the average sleep time required per night decreases to 7-8 hours, with different sources quoting varying figures but close to this. The amount of sleep needed however varies with some people requiring less hours and other more than 8 hours of sleep. The determinant here is whether the individual had in the recent past been deprived of sleep which requires compensation. Spending less than the required time in sleep is detrimental as it leads to ‘sleep debt’. This has been shown to have adverse effect on human mind and body functioning and can only be resolved by sleeping for longer hours. As one reaches old age, sleep tends to be light and the duration spent in sleep is usually shorter. The shortened duration is as a result of a decrease in the amount time spent on stages III and IV of the sleep time which in average goes down by approximately 10-15%. Although there has been reported an increase in time spent in stage II amongst t he old, the increase is low and not enough to compensate for the time that is lost in stage III and IV. Old people experience difficulties in falling asleep coupled with periods of arousals during sleep which marks the shortening of the total sleep time. This can only be compensated by increasing the amount of time spent in bed or otherwise cases of loss of sleep are reported. These cases are compounded by the various medical conditions that are associated with aging like breathing difficulties during sleep, weakened muscles, and weakened heart function (Smith Segal, 2010). Getting enough sleep is very essential for optimum functioning of both the human mind and the body. A person who doesn’t spend the required amount of sleep time per night is termed as being sleep deprived. While the indicators of sleep deprivation may not be so intense as to be figured outright, the compounded effect that it has on a person’s lifestyle is one that can affect the total body output u ntil the problem is resolved by compensating fro the lost sleep. Sleep deprivation can be caused by several factors which include; sleeping late which means reduced total sleep time, waking up earlier than accustomed for, interruption during sleep which means that certain stages of sleep are interrupted, or failing to sleep completely (Milner Cote, 2008). Sleep deprivation is shown by signs that in most cases are considered to be normal. One should be able to wake up naturally after spending enough time sleeping, however most people need alarm clocks to act as reminders which is a clear sign of sleep deprivation. If you struggle to get out of bed when it’s time to wake up, you are possibly sleep deprived. Simple laziness that is synonymous with afternoon sessions, or feeling sleepy in odd places and times like in meetings or classroom marks the evidence of sleep deprivation. After heavy meals and especially in the afternoons, most people consider taking a nap as a normal rou tine while in the contrary it shows signs of a sleep deprived individual. Another sign of a sleep deprived person is dozing off while in a vehicle, or watching TV as well as falling into deep sleep immediately after getting to bed. Sleep deprivation results in general reduction in functional capability of a person. This emanates from the various effects that are resultant from sleep deprivation. A sleep deprived individual lacks motivation and shows general sluggishness as well as low concentration levels. Lack of enough sleep causes one to be moody and easily angered which in sense leads to an increase in stress levels and inability to make sound decisions and solve problems. Health wise, sleep deficiency weakens the body immune system resulting in frequent attacks by diseases such as colds. One’s safety is put at risk as the impairment in motor skills can result in fatal accidents. Sleep deficiency has been associated with cases of weight gain, diabetes and cardiovascular i llnesses. Normal sleeping is sometimes interrupted resulting in what we term as sleeping disorders. The various disorders associated with sleep occur in various manners; disruptions during sleep, difficulty sleeping in general, and sleeping for longer durations. The most evident and probably the most commonly known disorder of sleep is insomnia. The disorder is characterized by general lack of sleep during the night. It occurs when one is unable to initially fall asleep and maintain continuous sleep durations. It is also reported in other cases as awakening in early morning hours and failure to fall asleep after sleep is interrupted. The diagnostic criteria for insomnia require that the incidents of lack of sleep occur for 3-4 times in a week and continue for a period exceeding one month. Insomnia can be either acute or chronic. The acute type is not persistent for long and is said to result from stressful conditions and disappears soon after the situation normalizes. Chronic insomn ia however is the most common and is often coupled by other conditions such as mental disorders, medication, as well as drug abuse (Lee, 2006). Another sleep disorder that is common today is sleep apnoea. It occurs in two different ways and can therefore be classified as either Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) or central sleep apnoea (CSA). Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is characterized by partial blockage of the airway which results in difficult when breathing during sleep. Some of the common cases of OSAS are when sleep is accompanied by heavy snoring, a feeling of chocking, instances of complete absence of breathing, and physical movements such as jerking and trembling indicating that the airway has been obstructed. It consequently affects the sleep patterns and those who suffer the condition often fail to enter the deep sleep stages of sleep. According to Chowdhuri Badr (2008), Central Sleep Apnoea on the other hand occurs when there is failure in breathing during s leep brought about by the inability to control the ventilatory motor output which normally is responsible fro opening up the airway during breathing. CSA brings about symptoms similar to those of insomniacs coupled with feeling sleepy during the day and awakening during sleep hours. Narcolepsy-cataplexy is a sleep disorder that is marked by frequent sleep attacks especially during the daytime hours. This is often frequent and persists for quite sometime and therefore should not be mistaken from the daytime sleepiness that is as a result of insomnia, interrupted sleep during the previous day, boredom, or due to physical fatigue. The frequent attacks of sleep occur are rapid and one is unable to control falling asleep. It happens for a short duration ranging from seconds to several minutes. A good number of people have been said to suffer from narcolepsy and are aware of the symptoms but most of those who suffer it never seek medical interventions and hence continue to live with the p roblem. The sudden attacks of sleep can in other cases be coupled with a feeling of weak muscles that are unable to support the body, a condition known as cataplexy. When the two sates combine to result in a condition that is referred to as Narcolepsy-cataplexy, the result is an incidence of a total body muscular collapse coupled with some deep sleep lasting for a few minutes and could be confused with epilepsy. The common cause of the condition is said to be a malfunction in the central nervous system which can be kept in control by persistent use of medication (Chou Chuang, 2008). A number of sleep related abnormal behaviors have been related to a sleep disorder known as parasomnia. Parasomnia is a condition associated movements and actions that are unusual during sleep and periods during which one is aroused from sleep either leading to disruption of sleep or not. Several disorders of sleep are categorized under parasomnia. The most common of these is sleepwalking. It is a disor der that is common amongst the children of up to 12 years. Its start is marked by activation of the motor activity when the brain enters a slow wave phase. This is followed by several minutes of abnormal movement around the room or house. There have not been any reported cases of criminal activities that have taken place as a result of sleepwalking. Causes that are said to bring about this condition are lack of enough sleep, exhaustion, prevailing ailment, and certain sedative drugs. Another parasomnia disorder is night terrors. This condition is marked by the person making sharp intense screams in their sleep that are usually combined with a feeling of fear and confusion. Nightmares are said to occur during the phases of slow brain wave movements too. In most cases, patients who are diagnosed with night terrors also experience sleepwalking disorder. Factors said to contribute to night terrors are sleep deprivation, loss of energy, illness, drugs that give a hypnotic feeling, and re lated incidents (Synder, 1987). Another parasomnia related disorder is Rapid Eye Movement sleep disorder (RBD). A person expiring RBD often does action that mimic the dreams they are having usually in the 5th stage of sleep which is the Rapid Eye Movement phase. The abnormal dream actions often end up in injuries to the person or the bed partner. This disorder is mostly experienced amongst the aged population. For this reason a link was discovered that associated the process of neurodegenerative diseases amongst the aged with the occurrence of RBD. Bruxism is a sleep disorder that categorized under the parasomnia disorders of sleep. It is marked by abnormal tooth grinding during sleep. It is common during the adolescent years but cases have been reported of old people with the condition. Bruxism has been associated to prevalence of certain disorders amongst the children e.g. cerebral palsy. Factors that elevate the tooth grinding for person’s suffering from bruxism are appreh ension, tension, stress, and dental related diseases (Chokroverty, 2009). In conclusion, sleep has been a much researched on subject with helpful information being substantiated. This include the process of falling asleep and the importance of each stage, the importance of sleep in mind and body function, and the various disorders that are associated with sleep. People can now be able to make good timing of their sleep hours and get the average amount of sleep time needed for healthy functioning. Sleep has therefore proven an important subject that requires understanding by every person who wants to avoid the common assumptions and seeks to get good sleep for it has been found out that sleep influences every aspect of mind and body function. References Billiard, M. Kent, A. (2003). Sleep: Physiology, Investigations, and Medicine. New York: Springer. Chowdhuri, S. Badr, M. S. (2008). Central Sleep Apnoea. Indian Journal of Medical Research ,131(6). 150-164. Chokroverty, S. (2009). Overview of Sleep Sleep Disorders. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 131(5), 126-140. Chou, Y. Chuang, L. (2008). Hyperlipidaemia in Patients with Sleep-related Breathing Disorders: Prevalence and Risk Factors. Indian Journal of Medical Research 131(7), 121-125. Hunt, B. (2009). Stages of Sleep. Dream Views, 23(12), 11-17. Lee-Chiong, T. (2006). Sleep: A Comprehensive Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Milner, C. Cote, K. (2008). Benefits of Napping. European Sleep Research Society Journal, 18(9), 272-281. Russo, M. (2005). Sleep: Understanding the Basics. e-Medicine Health Journal, 120, Retrieved from https://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/hp.asp Smith, M. Segal, R. (2010). How Much Sleep do you Ned? Guide to Healthy Sleep, 12(5), 36. Synder, G. (1987). Sleep Disorders. Professional Sleep Societies Journal, 13(4), 3-6. This research paper on Sleep Stages and Disorders was written and submitted by user Wesley S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Comparison

Living with my fiancà © for the last three years has been quite an adventure. I have always been the type of person who likes things done a certain way. I have my routine and I like to stick to it. Anal, as he would put it. He is more of a go-with-the-flow kind of person that doesn’t mind when things get a little out of order. A slob, as I would say. However, even with some of our obvious differences, we manage to keep it together and primarily try to focus on what makes us compatible. For me, living with someone was a big adjustment. I wasn’t used to sharing closet space, my bed, and especially not my bathroom. I liked things the way I liked things and I was used to not having to worry about someone else being around and messing up my space. I now find myself picking up socks and underwear on a daily basis. The countless times I yell about this doesn’t seem to sink in. Making the bed first thing in the morning was a normal ritual for me but how can you make your bed on a Saturday morning when your significant other decides that he wants to sleep in? You yell at the top of your lungs about how lazy is he and that he needs to get out of bed or you just don’t make it at all. Straightening up the house is another thing that I feel the need to do in order to be able to fully relax. No matter how long of a day I’ve had, when I come home, if my place seems a little disorganized, I feel the need to take the time and straighten it up. He, on th e other hand doesn’t seem notice and thinks that I’m strange and some sort of a â€Å"clean freak†. Paying the bills and handling the money in my house is definitely a task that I have taken on. I am one of those people that call the bank and check my balances on a daily basis. Spending large amounts of money is not something I enjoy doing. I am a very frugal person, very tight with my money. My fiancà © on the other hand doesn’t like to let money factor into things as much as I do. Heï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Comparison Free Essays on Comparison Living with my fiancà © for the last three years has been quite an adventure. I have always been the type of person who likes things done a certain way. I have my routine and I like to stick to it. Anal, as he would put it. He is more of a go-with-the-flow kind of person that doesn’t mind when things get a little out of order. A slob, as I would say. However, even with some of our obvious differences, we manage to keep it together and primarily try to focus on what makes us compatible. For me, living with someone was a big adjustment. I wasn’t used to sharing closet space, my bed, and especially not my bathroom. I liked things the way I liked things and I was used to not having to worry about someone else being around and messing up my space. I now find myself picking up socks and underwear on a daily basis. The countless times I yell about this doesn’t seem to sink in. Making the bed first thing in the morning was a normal ritual for me but how can you make your bed on a Saturday morning when your significant other decides that he wants to sleep in? You yell at the top of your lungs about how lazy is he and that he needs to get out of bed or you just don’t make it at all. Straightening up the house is another thing that I feel the need to do in order to be able to fully relax. No matter how long of a day I’ve had, when I come home, if my place seems a little disorganized, I feel the need to take the time and straighten it up. He, on th e other hand doesn’t seem notice and thinks that I’m strange and some sort of a â€Å"clean freak†. Paying the bills and handling the money in my house is definitely a task that I have taken on. I am one of those people that call the bank and check my balances on a daily basis. Spending large amounts of money is not something I enjoy doing. I am a very frugal person, very tight with my money. My fiancà © on the other hand doesn’t like to let money factor into things as much as I do. Heï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Comparison Although it may not seem obvious to all readers, the stories of Robert Frost’s â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Wallpaper† share the same storyline. During certain literary periods, authors often treat similar topics. First, both stories share the same era: the beginning of the twentieth century. Gilman published in 1892 while Frost published in 1923. Moreover, both stories begin with the narrator describing the house, its location and the nature around it. Jane, in Gilman’s story spends three quiet months locked up in a yellow room. Similarly, Frost’s narrator spends a quiet night in dark woods with white snow. Both characters also feel isolated from the outside world, impressed by their surroundings and bothered by someone close to them. Furthermore, women’s condition seems like an important subject for both authors, raised by single mothers. In Gilman’s story, for example, J ohn controls Jane: he tells her what to do, where to be and what to think. Frost’s opinion seems less obvious but â€Å"he gives his harness bells a shake† (850)# resembles John’s actions when Jane locks herself in her room. The harness also represents the man’s control over the woman. Finally, both stories end with the authors’ admission of the characters’ problems: they cannot sleep, need to keep a promise and go crazy. In conclusion, Frost’s poem could be considered as being a summary of Gilman’s story because they resemble each other in so many ways. With this notion in mind, students might now be able to read stories and poems, link them together and impress their teachers.... Free Essays on Comparison Comparative Studies between Two Essays â€Å"The Brown Wasps† by Loren C. Eiseley and â€Å"The Spider and the Wasp† by Alexander Petrunkevitch are two essays from the same book, â€Å"Decker Patterns of Exposition†, by Randall E. Pecker and Robert A. Schwegler, published by Scott, Foresman & Co., Greenview, Illinois, London, England. It is obvious that the two essays use the same object, wasp, which is not a kind of insect easily seen or found. Both authors try to make this little creature his main character in the essay, for different purposes of course. In "The Brown Wasps", Loren gives wasp some symbolic meanings, and compare human beings including himself with the wasp. â€Å"Like the brown wasp, he will have his wish to die in the great droning center of the hive rather than in some lonely room.† (P. 130) â€Å"Prematurely I am one of the brown wasps and I often sit with them in the great droning hive of the station, dreaming sometimes of a certain tree.† (P. 135) Wasp has become a symbol in Loren’s essay, which is very much different from it is in Alexander’s "The Spider and the Wasp" . This time, wasp is the â€Å"archenemy† of the tarantula, a kind of spider. The author tries to tell the readers something about instinctive actions such as the battle between the tarantula and Pepsis, a kind of wasp. â€Å"The case I propose to describe here is that of the tarantula spiders and their archenemy, the digger wasps of the genus Pepsis.† (P. 165) Here wasp is nothing but only a natural enemy of tarantula, or we may say, a natural partner of the spider in the long evolvement in the history. Different purposes lead to the different position and usage of the same hairy creature, wasp. As we have mentioned above, two authors are doing the different things out of different themes. Loren , who is admired for his sensitive philosophical approach to all living things, is watching the world changing nearby all the time. He is searching a...

Get Paid

Get Paid As more and more people dip their toe into writing, more and more publications and editors think they can pay less. Supply and demand is a tried and true concept, and with way more writers clamoring to write, the cost of those writers diminishes sometimes to nothing. That does not give you permission to accept less. That does not give you permission to write for nothing. Instead, that means that you become pickier. I write for free in a few places: Blogs. Few of those pay. However, if I have something to promote, like my latest novel, I will piggy-back on someone elses readership to make a splash. Im making money, just in a sideways manner. A magazine that also advertises me. I periodically write articles for a certain magazine for free. They like my work, and in return, theyve promoted me well outside the parameters of that article, often providing the graphics for the advertising both in the magazine and for me to use elsewhere. An annual tourist guide recently asked me to write a piece, using an excerpt from my novel. This publication comes out once a year and goes in every rental in that coastal town, and sits on the counter of every restaurant. The bottom line is that writing for free has to pay somehow. Not in the ambiguous manner like I need some exposure that I am a writer. Thats a slippery slope. You enjoy seeing your hard-earned Write for free . . . on occasion. But be sure that when you do, theres a defined purpose that WILL result in tangible income. You want to be able to look at yourself in the mirror in the morning.

APPIAN WAY Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

APPIAN WAY - Research Paper Example The remaining sections were constructed in the course of next few centuries, with the road spanning about 563kms and thereby connecting Rome to Brindisi in southeast Italy. When the road construction process was started, it was mainly leveling the dirt road. After leveling, large stones as well as mortar were laid, which is followed by the laying of gravel. When the basic structure of the road was formed, it was topped with small stones which fitted into the gaps, thereby forming a flat surface. The small stones fitted into the gaps so aptly that historians marveled at how the small stones seem to have â€Å"grown† along with the other components. For instance, historian Procopius said that small stores â€Å"did not look so much fitted together but as grown together†, so much so they led to the formation of a road surface which was smooth, and far better than the jagged irregular roads before. (Kaster, 2012, p. 23). On the whole, the initial construction process of using large stones as the base, and then fitting in with softer gravel as well as small stones gave a proper and also functional look to the road. â€Å"Large stones made up the bulk of its construction and softer gravel that was compacted between the rocks cemented it.† (Appian Way, Rome,† n. d). Then, when the construction began on the stretch between Rome and Lake Albano, the Romans started using lime cement to build better quality roads. Sourced from volcanic rocks, this lime cement was laid over the small stones thereby providing a far smoother road surface. In addition, the Romans crowned the middle portion of the road for the purpose of water runoff, and also built ditches on either side of the road which were protected by retaining walls. It was while extending the road through the Pontine Marshes; the Romans faced number of challenges. Their plan to dry the marshes, build bridges over it and so on did not gave expected results, forcing the Romans to build

An essay about Children of a Lesser God film Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An about Children of a Lesser God film - Essay Example A typical example of some of these basic characteristics is the influence of gender in communication. Gamble and Gamble (2007) in their book The Gender Communication Connection bring out some of the very peculiar gender characteristic concepts of communication. Interestingly, some of the core concepts in the books are also reflected in the film Children of Lesser God. Below are some of the discussions on the key concepts discussed in chapter five (5) of the book. One of the major concepts tackled by Gamble and Gamble (2007) is the issue of perception process. It is said that perception generally refers to how we see other people from our own point of view (Huggai, 2009). This is very much application in communication and influences communication greatly because â€Å"the way that you see people will greatly determine how you interact with them and what you will get from them† (Brewster, 2012). This means that perception has the power to start communication, sustain communication, as well as influence the input and outcome of a given communication. NOVA (2005) identifies three major processes in the perception process. These are selection, organization and interpretation. Gamble and Gamble (2007) adds a fourth dimension and this dimension is response. The most important fact however is that Gamble and Gamble (2007) looks at the perception process from a gender point of view, where they make it clear that men and women certainly have di fferent styles and approaches to reacting to the perception process and thus have different ways of listening. Hesper Anderson and Mark Medoff give a well illustrated format in the differences pointed by Gamble and Gamble (2007) are displayed by men and women in the film Children of Lesser God. In the film –as highlighted in the book, we see a very vast difference between how men and women perceive communication. This difference is further consolidated by the fact that even though the female role was being played by

Things That I Will Do for Malaysia If I Become a Celebrity Essay Example for Free

Things That I Will Do for Malaysia If I Become a Celebrity Essay What if I am a celebrity? It sounds ridiculous. But what if it really comes true? What will I do? I am wondering what I should do after that, maybe I could do something for my most beloved country, Malaysia. First of all, I will make my country to become well known. I will make it famous as a tourist center so that there will be a lot of tourists come over our country and enjoy the Malaysias splendid environment. I will also tell them that Malaysia is a beautiful and also a wonderful country. Not only that, the people in Malaysia is also very friendly and amicable. They make no distinction between whats ones own and whats anothers and always be on very intimate terms. Therefore, the tourists would be interesting with the uniqueness of Malaysia and our countrys economy will also increased due to the advent of tourists Next, I will let the whole world to know about our country. By achieving this, I will let everyone to know the location of Malaysia. I will also introduce the Malaysians culture, traditional an lifestyle to the world. Since Malaysia has three major ethnicities which are Chinese, Indians and Malays, so it would be fascinating and amusing for the people to know how we lived in our country without taking offense about other race. Other than that, I will help the country by improving the public facilities such as light rail transit (LRT), monorail and also bus. This can make things easier for people so that they can feel more convenience when they go for work or maybe school. As a conclusion, I would like to say that I will do everything for my county, Malaysia if I had become a celebrity. I will make it as a harmonious country that people always look forward to.

Socioeconomics and Anti-Sovereignist Sentiment in Les bons débarras :: Film Movies Films Essays

Socioeconomics and Anti-Sovereignist Sentiment in Les bons dà ©barras Considering the maelstrom of sovereignist sentiment in which late 1970s Quà ©bec politics and society were immersed, it seems almost inevitable that Quà ©bec cinema emerging during that time should be examined for some evidence of nationalist ideology. Les bons dà ©barras, directed by Francis Mankiewicz and based on a screenplay by Quà ©bà ©cois novelist Rà ©jean Ducharme, was written in 1977, but first saw theatrical release in 1980. Arriving as it did just as Renà © Là ©vesque’s Parti Quà ©bà ©cois ascended to power on its promise to hold a referendum on sovereignty-association, Les bons dà ©barras is as likely a target as any for a nationalist-perspective analysis. The film demands critical attention for two additional, marginally related reasons. First, it is considered exceptional as one of only a handful of well received Quà ©bec films produced during the so-called tax shelter era. Second, it garnered attention nationally, reversing a trend which had seen Can ada’s film awards and even critical attention directed traditionally to poor-quality, big-budget, English-language productions financed by the tax-shelter (Lamphier, 1981). Cumulatively, these factors make Les bons dà ©barras an attractive film with which to argue larger issues of Canada-Quà ©bec relations and ideas of national identity. Ian Lockerbie (1988) endeavours to construct just such an argument. Lockerbie suggests that despite the lack of any direct reference to nationalist politics in Les bons dà ©barras, the film presents evidence of a "collective identity" which penetrates deeper than consciously revealed symbolism, and which manifests itself in individual identities and anxieties (1988: 122). The film, Lockerbie claims, offers within the cathartic emancipation of individual characters an implicit manifestation of Quà ©bec sovereignism. By basing his analysis on such deeply buried subtext, however, I think Lockerbie ignores the film’s more obvious engagement with contemporary social and economic conditions. Granted, one inevitably risks a certain degree of impudence whenever venturing to assign allegorical meaning to any film as Lockerbie has done. But I would suggest that if Les bons dà ©barras does in fact propose any commentary on Quà ©bec nationalism, it is not sovereignist at all, as Locke rbie argues, but rather offers an admonitory refusal of Quà ©bec ambitions for independence. The goals of the Quà ©bec sovereignism are traditionally idealized, in part, as a shift from the strength historically drawn from the domestic, familial community toward strength to be gained in achieving social and economic self-sufficiency within Canada. Les bons dà ©barras, however, presents a community whose attempts to attain social integrity and economic self-sufficiency have utterly failed, and whose strength must be found only in retreat to the domestic sphere. Socioeconomics and Anti-Sovereignist Sentiment in Les bons dà ©barras :: Film Movies Films Essays Socioeconomics and Anti-Sovereignist Sentiment in Les bons dà ©barras Considering the maelstrom of sovereignist sentiment in which late 1970s Quà ©bec politics and society were immersed, it seems almost inevitable that Quà ©bec cinema emerging during that time should be examined for some evidence of nationalist ideology. Les bons dà ©barras, directed by Francis Mankiewicz and based on a screenplay by Quà ©bà ©cois novelist Rà ©jean Ducharme, was written in 1977, but first saw theatrical release in 1980. Arriving as it did just as Renà © Là ©vesque’s Parti Quà ©bà ©cois ascended to power on its promise to hold a referendum on sovereignty-association, Les bons dà ©barras is as likely a target as any for a nationalist-perspective analysis. The film demands critical attention for two additional, marginally related reasons. First, it is considered exceptional as one of only a handful of well received Quà ©bec films produced during the so-called tax shelter era. Second, it garnered attention nationally, reversing a trend which had seen Can ada’s film awards and even critical attention directed traditionally to poor-quality, big-budget, English-language productions financed by the tax-shelter (Lamphier, 1981). Cumulatively, these factors make Les bons dà ©barras an attractive film with which to argue larger issues of Canada-Quà ©bec relations and ideas of national identity. Ian Lockerbie (1988) endeavours to construct just such an argument. Lockerbie suggests that despite the lack of any direct reference to nationalist politics in Les bons dà ©barras, the film presents evidence of a "collective identity" which penetrates deeper than consciously revealed symbolism, and which manifests itself in individual identities and anxieties (1988: 122). The film, Lockerbie claims, offers within the cathartic emancipation of individual characters an implicit manifestation of Quà ©bec sovereignism. By basing his analysis on such deeply buried subtext, however, I think Lockerbie ignores the film’s more obvious engagement with contemporary social and economic conditions. Granted, one inevitably risks a certain degree of impudence whenever venturing to assign allegorical meaning to any film as Lockerbie has done. But I would suggest that if Les bons dà ©barras does in fact propose any commentary on Quà ©bec nationalism, it is not sovereignist at all, as Locke rbie argues, but rather offers an admonitory refusal of Quà ©bec ambitions for independence. The goals of the Quà ©bec sovereignism are traditionally idealized, in part, as a shift from the strength historically drawn from the domestic, familial community toward strength to be gained in achieving social and economic self-sufficiency within Canada. Les bons dà ©barras, however, presents a community whose attempts to attain social integrity and economic self-sufficiency have utterly failed, and whose strength must be found only in retreat to the domestic sphere.

Reflective Writing of Gifted Hands-the Ben Carson Story Essay

â€Å"Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story† is a true story movie that revolves on the life of Benjamin â€Å"Ben† Carson who overcome poverty, racism, and a violent temper to become a world-renowned Pediatric Neurosurgeon that gives him a great credit in the field of Medicine. In his early years, he is the dumbest student in their class that made her mother come up on a decision on urging them (Ben and his brother Curtis) to start reading books in the Detroit Public Library because she doesn’t want her children will end up like her. Before long, Ben moved from the bottom of the class to the top. As he enters the world of Medicine as a Pediatric Neurosurgeon in John Hopkins Hospital, he successfully performed a ground-breaking surgery separating conjoined Siamese twins who were born joined at the head (this complex surgery has never been achieved before without casualties). It was a milestone in neurosurgery, but was far from the only worth mentioning achievement o f Carson’s career. For me, the most noteworthy event in the movie was when his Ben’s mother imparted him, â€Å"You can do anything that anyone else can do, only you can do it better.† This excerpt was intended for Ben to be encouraged and to boost his confidence to pursue with his undertakings to be the best he can be. He slowly discovers that his brain is indeed capable of both intelligent and creative thought. It’s a discovery – the miracle of human brain – that completely changes his life and shapes the course of his future. Learning developed when this excerpt was imparted, for me the gist of the excerpt is there’s nothing impossible if we just think that we can do our best, it just takes courage, self-confidence, self-efficacy and faith in God. Whatever course you decide upon, there is always someone to tell you that you are wrong. There are always difficulties arising which tempt you to believe that your critics are right. To map out a course of action and follow it to an end requires courage. This is similar to Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory. Bandura’s theory emphasizes the role of observational learning, social experience, and reciprocal determinism in the development of personality. According to Bandura, a person’s attitudes, abilities, and cognitive skills comprise what is known as the self-system. This system plays a major role in how we perceive situations and how we behave in response to different situations. Self-efficacy plays an essential part of this self-system. According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is â€Å"the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations† (1995, p. 2). In other words, self-efficacy is a person’s belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular situation. Bandura described these beliefs as determinants of how people think, behave, and feel (1994). Since Bandura published his seminal 1977 paper, â€Å"Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change,† the subject has become one of the most studied topics in psychology. (http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/self_efficacy.htm). Because in Bandura’s Theory of Self-Efficacy verifies that self-efficacy can have an impact on everything from psychological state to behavior to motivation while people with high self-efficacy – that is, those who believe they can perform well—are more likely to view difficult tasks as something to be mastered rather than something to be avoided. Like in the Bandura’s Theory of Self-Efficacy this reveals that it is how one judges one’s own competence to complete tasks, ability to perform well and reach goals. Self-efficacy affects every area of human endeavour, by determining the beliefs a person holds regarding his or her power to affect situations, thus strongly influencing both the power a person actually has to face challenges and the choices a person is mostly likely to make. These effects are particularly apparent, and compelling, with regards to behaviors affecting health. It is distinct both from efficacy and from self-esteem, confidence, and self-concept. Understanding how to foster the development of self-efficacy is important for policymakers, educators, and others in leadership positions, and to anyone seeking to build a happier, more productive life. Just like in Ben Carson’s story when he was hesitating on pursuing the operation between the Siamese twins because this surgery wasn’t successfully achieve or accepted before. But with the words of encouragement of his mother, he immediately conducted some research like reading books and applying his stock knowledge. Through these, he successful run the operation on the Rausch twins and that made him carve his name in popularity. Having watched the movie â€Å"Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story† I realize that in life we must believe in ourselves. Believe in our strength, capabilities, and have faith in God. Like in the story of Ben Carson after realizing the words of her mother, he slowly discovers that his brain is indeed capable of both intelligent and creative thought. It’s a discovery – the miracle of human brain – that completely changes his life and shapes the course of his future. Furthermore, I learned that we must not put some barriers or limitations immediately on the things we think we can’t do. Don’t belittle yourself and neglect things right away. Have After watching the movie, I have significantly improved my perception of self-confidence to achieve anything even the impossible. This makes me feel that self-confidence my key to every achievement of goals and even surpassing some difficulties in life. This perception will be a useful tool to me as learner because to be able to succeed in life is to face some up’s and down’s of life with full courage and there will be no courage if self-confidence is missing. As a next step, I need to be open-minded in all possibilities that could happen, even it will be an achievement or misfortune, and ready to face them with courage and faith in God.

Bayesian Equalizer

IntroductionThe work undertaken in this thesis chiefly discusses the two types of fuzzy system based channel equalisers in nomadic communicating system in GSM environment. The fuzzed execution and RBF execution of Bayesian equaliser based on MAP standard has been presented. The capableness of fuzzed equalisers in a GSM environment for a Rayleigh faded additive channels and nonlinear channels have been analyzed. A Type-2 fuzzy logic based equaliser proposed by Mendel [ 29 ] has been compared with proposed equaliser for GSM applications. This chapter summarizes the work reported in this thesis, stipulating the restrictions of the survey and provides some arrows to future development. Following this debut subdivision 5.2 lists the accomplishments from the work undertaken. Section 5.3 provides the restrictions and subdivision 5.4 nowadayss few arrows towards the hereafter work.Accomplishments of the thesisThe work presented in this thesis can be classified for two parts. The first portion presents the step of the public presentation of two types of fuzzy system based equalisers for GSM application in additive attenuation channels and the other portion is dedicated for nonlinear channels. Major points of the thesis, foregrounding the parts at each phase, are presented below. Chapter 3 of this thesis presents fuzzed execution of Bayesian equaliser [ 28 ] . It has seen that the Bayesian equaliser uses the estimations of noise free received vectors called channel provinces to explicate the determination map. It can be expeditiously implemented utilizing the estimations of noise free received scalars called scalar channel provinces which cut down calculations well over conventional Bayesian equaliser. It can be implemented utilizing RBF with scalar channel provinces. Subsequently, fuzzed execution of Bayesian equaliser has been derived and this fuzzed equaliser gives suboptimal consequence with farther cut downing the computational complexness. The fuzzy implemented Bayesian equaliser uses Gaussian rank maps, merchandise illation in the signifier of IF†¦ THN regulations and COG defuzzifier. This equaliser has been termed as fuzzy implemented RBF or merely RBF in the thesis. This RBF equalizer shown optimum public presentation in signifier of BER in GSM environment. The usage of fuzzy system in implementing the Bayesian equaliser provides flexibleness in the design of Bayesian equalisers with using different illation regulations and defuzzification procedure [ 12 ] . But in this thesis the fuzzy equaliser has been discussed and proposed with holding minimal illation regulation and COG defuzzifier. The parametric execution of Bayesian equalisers utilizing fuzzed systems make the equaliser traceable in GSM application supplying the consequence near to the optimal with decreased computational complexness. The Type-2 FAF has been described and evaluated under GSM environment for channel equalisation intents. This has been used to compare public presentation of proposed equaliser. Type-2 FAF utilizes the mean of the channel province bunchs formed by the attenuation of channel to explicate two rank maps ( Upper and Lower ) to make up one's mind its determination map. Type-2 FAF though provides consequence near optimum utilizing big prepa ration informations but could non execute good for GSM application.Major part from this chapter is summarized here.The public presentation rating of two types of fuzzy equalisers has been done under GSM environment with the comparing to the RBF execution of Bayesian equaliser and other additive equalisers trained with RLS and LMS algorithm with different channels and equalizer orders. These equalisers are evaluated for additive channels with Rayleigh attenuation. Chapter 4 of this thesis discusses the public presentation of fuzzed equalisers along with the additive equalisers under GSM environment for the nonlinear channels with Rayeligh melting. A block diagram of digital communicating system with nonlinearities has been discussed where different types of nonlinearities were considered. In this chapter how the channel coefficients were altering with attenuation has been shown. The channel states with debut of some nonlinearities have been shown and the motion of channel provinces along with certain dimensions with attenuation was described with simulation. The k-mean bunch method of preparation for nonlinear channels has been described as it is hard to gauge the channel with presence of nonlinearities.Major part signifier this chapter is summarized in a brief.The Type-1 fuzzy adaptative equaliser performs near to the RBF equaliser which is optimum equalisers [ 43 ] and better than the Type-2 FAF proposed by Mendel for GSM application. Type-1 FAF can be trained in 26 preparation informations which Type-2 could non. The additive equalisers trained with RLS and LMS algorithms does non demo acceptable public presentation with such little preparation informations and melting environment with the channels affected by nonlinearities.Restrictions of the workThis subdivision presents some of the restrictions of the work reported in this thesis. In this thesis the fuzzed execution of Bayesian equaliser has been validated for GSM application. This equalisers are related to ( ) where N is the size of the symbol alphabet or configuration. This big complexness bounds this signifier of equalisers to communicating systems where channel scattering is comparatively little, of order of. The work undertaken in this thesis merely considered 2-level PAM transition where to increase the transmittal speed the efficient transition strategies like 4-level PAM, QPSK are needed. It can be extended to other efficient transition strategies in line with RBF execution of Bayesian equalisers [ 49 ] . Other issues like next channel intervention ( ACI ) , co-channel intervention ( CCI ) , Rayleigh melting with different holds, clocking recovery in the receiving system were non considered.Scope for the farther researchBy reasoning this thesis, the followers are some arrows for farther plants can be undertaken. The suggested country in which research can be undertaken follows from the restriction of the work presented in this chapter. As determination feedback equalisers are simple and needs less preparation informations, a determination feedback equaliser could supply alternate equalisation scheme for GSM environment. Different efficient cryptography and transition strategies could be considered in the simulation.

Free Essays on Fats Waller

By 1925 the pre jazz era was in full effect. Names like Louis Armstrong, ‘Duke’ Ellington, and ‘Count’ Basie were going to be a part of jazz history forever. As jazz became the backbone for most of the music that is heard today, many names were going to be recognized for their contributions to music history. One of them being Thomas ‘Fats’ Waller. Born May 21st, 1904, in New York, Fats was the son of Edward Martin Waller a minister Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem. He played the organ and sang in the choir. But fats would only continue with that routine until the age of fifteen; he would move to the Harlem Cabaret area, occasionally doubling as a theatre organist and as a. piano-roll artist for the Q-R-S Company. Before 1930 Fats would have already performed as the pianist for great blues singer Bessie Smith. The advantage that Fats had growing up, was his tutor, James P. Johnson, better known as the founding father of stride piano. Waller learned most of his characteristics of his style of playing, which was characterized as ‘light and springy’ from Johnson. Fats’ first recordings were done in 1922. But it wasn’t 1929 when he caught a break writing the score for the Broadway hit "Hot Chocolates" with lyrics supplied by his friend Andy Razaf. His most famous song â€Å"Ain’t Misbehavin† was part of this show, which also featured the great Louis Armstrong. Waller was a great entertainer and in 1934 and at George Gershwin’s party, with a delightful performance, one of Victor Records representatives who delighted by his playing and entertaining, scheduled a recording session for Fats with the company. Fats’ band was known as ‘Fats Waller and his Rhythm’. Waller was also the mentor of ‘Count’ Basie, one of the great band leaders of the swing era along with ‘Duke’ Ellington. Everybody wanted to play for either Baise or Ellington, and you were recognized as a good musician once you were p... Free Essays on Fats Waller Free Essays on Fats Waller By 1925 the pre jazz era was in full effect. Names like Louis Armstrong, ‘Duke’ Ellington, and ‘Count’ Basie were going to be a part of jazz history forever. As jazz became the backbone for most of the music that is heard today, many names were going to be recognized for their contributions to music history. One of them being Thomas ‘Fats’ Waller. Born May 21st, 1904, in New York, Fats was the son of Edward Martin Waller a minister Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem. He played the organ and sang in the choir. But fats would only continue with that routine until the age of fifteen; he would move to the Harlem Cabaret area, occasionally doubling as a theatre organist and as a. piano-roll artist for the Q-R-S Company. Before 1930 Fats would have already performed as the pianist for great blues singer Bessie Smith. The advantage that Fats had growing up, was his tutor, James P. Johnson, better known as the founding father of stride piano. Waller learned most of his characteristics of his style of playing, which was characterized as ‘light and springy’ from Johnson. Fats’ first recordings were done in 1922. But it wasn’t 1929 when he caught a break writing the score for the Broadway hit "Hot Chocolates" with lyrics supplied by his friend Andy Razaf. His most famous song â€Å"Ain’t Misbehavin† was part of this show, which also featured the great Louis Armstrong. Waller was a great entertainer and in 1934 and at George Gershwin’s party, with a delightful performance, one of Victor Records representatives who delighted by his playing and entertaining, scheduled a recording session for Fats with the company. Fats’ band was known as ‘Fats Waller and his Rhythm’. Waller was also the mentor of ‘Count’ Basie, one of the great band leaders of the swing era along with ‘Duke’ Ellington. Everybody wanted to play for either Baise or Ellington, and you were recognized as a good musician once you were p...

Dont Be Too Eager to Publish

Dont Be Too Eager to Publish Dont Be Too Eager to Publish Dont Be Too Eager to Publish By Maeve Maddox My son gave me a mystery the other day. Hed encountered the author at Barnes and Nobles and, having chatted with the man, he felt bound to buy a copy of his book. Well call the writer Author X. Under the attractive dust jacket, the sturdy binding is stamped with the title and authors name in gilt letters. The book could have been produced by a major publisher. As soon as I read the first paragraph, however, I knew that the book had been self-published. With a bit of disguise, heres the first paragraph: The phone jingled on Butch Grands desk and jolted him out of his daydream. He had been thinking about how hot and dry the last two years had been and was hoping this year would be better. As Police Chief of Philadelphia, Mississippi, things just went better for him when it was cooler and they got some rain. The phone rang again and he took the receiver off the hook. Whats the first clue that Author X is not a professional? He tells the reader that the character is having a daydream, and then he tells what the daydream was about. An experienced writer would have placed the reader in the daydream with sensory details, and then jolted him out of it to answer the phone. An experienced writer would probably have had him answer or pick up or perhaps just start talking, and not have told us that the man took the receiver off the hook. See if you can identify any other marks of too little revision. This opening paragraph is followed by a lengthy conversation with a woman who is reporting the discovery of a body at the town dump: No, she didnt discover it, some boys did. And then she puts a boy on the phone and the police chief asks how he spells his name and then he talks to the woman again and wants to know what time she cooks supper and then he tells her that he might not be able to get to the dump right away and then he drifts off again thinking about the fact that the town hasnt had a murder in seven years and then a Hello? at the other end of the line jars him back to business and then he hangs up the receiver and sets the phone back on the desk All this has taken us to page 3. Now we learn that he warned the woman that he might be late because his department has only two patrol cars and both are out with other drivers so he goes to the cafe and gets the Sheriff to drive him to the dump and on the way he thinks about how the dump originated and what the town was like in the 1800s and then they get to the dump where the two men exchange introductions with the boys who found the body and then, finally, on page 8, we see the body. Mysteries can open in various ways. Established authors like Elizabeth George and Sara Paretsky can afford to begin with descriptions of weather and the thoughts of their characters because their readers are confident they are entering a fictional world that has entertained them in the past. First-time authors have to work harder at drawing the reader in with the first paragraph. The body does not have to appear in Chapter One, but if you decide to put it there, get on with it! Consider this opening paragraph: The bodies were discovered at eight forty-five on the morning of Wednesday 18 September by Miss Emily Wharton, a sixty-five-year-old spinster of the parish of St. Mathhews in Paddington, London and Darren Wilkes, aged ten, of no particular parish as far as he knew or cared. P.D. James, A Taste for Death. Like Author X, James delays our first look at the bodies until several pages later. We dont see them until page 9. But where Author X rambles about, talking about this and that, throwing in lengthy conversation and irrelevant detail, James uses the intervening pages to build suspense and horror in the reader. The existence of the bodies is established in the first sentence, but then James makes us wait as she reveals the relationship between the woman and the boy. The more we know about them, the more we want to know what kind of circumstances could have led them to discover dead bodies. When we finally do see the bodies, our horror is greater because we see them through gentle Miss Whartons eyes. The main problem with Author Xs story is that he was too eager to publish. He was not willing to do the revision necessary to turn a draft into a (professionally) publishable manuscript. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesIs There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?Ulterior and Alterior

Iroquois Theatre Fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Iroquois Theatre Fire - Research Paper Example Some of the most disastrous fires in the United States in the 20th century include the Iroquois theater fire in Chicago in 1903, general Slocum wheel boat fire in 1904 the Ohio State penitentiary fire in 1930, the San Francisco fire in 1909 among other major fires that caused heavy loss of human lives and destruction. After the fire disasters, the fire and safety authorities in the United States have instigated various safety codes in various zones to protect people and property from the imminent risk of fires. This paper investigates the Iroquois theatre fire, with special focus on the failure of existing code processes at the time, the impact of the fire disaster on the code processes after the incident and the current code processes. In one cold afternoon of December 30 1903 in Chicago, about 2000 patrons most of whom were women and children assembled in the Iroquois theatre. In addition, about 400 performers and stage actors were jammed in the basement, backstage and dressing rooms to witness what was surely an exciting show. The audience was full of anticipation in readiness to watch a musical comedy, Mr. Bluebeard. Five weeks prior to the staging of the music comedy, the 1,700 capacity Iroquois theatre had just been opened with much excitement from the public and the press (Marshall 1904). According to Marshall (1904, p 27), The Chicago Tribune one of the most reputable dailies in the city described the theater as â€Å"virtual temple of beauty†. Iroquois was the finest of all theatres that had been constructed in the United States at the time. It had been lavishly furnished with marble and plate glass with luxurious mahogany and ornamentation. The theater had a splendid promenade lobby with a sixty feet ceiling from the floor. An impressive flight of staircases ascended on both sides of the theatre. At around 3.00pm, the theatre caught fire and in about fifteen minutes, 602 people had died and over 250 were seriously

Ancient Greece and Rome on film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ancient Greece and Rome on film - Essay Example Nero eventually threatened to destroy the peaceful order of the Rome and the main issue was the conflict between Christianity and debauchery of the Roman Empire (LeRoy, 2008). The film narrates the story of Roman military commander who fell in love with a devout Christian woman known as Lygia, who was a Roman captive because she was raised up as an adopted daughter of Aulus Plautius. The military commander, Marcus Vinicius slowly became intruded by the religion of Lygia. Their love story is narrated in a broader historical context of earlier Christianity and its persecution by Nero (Scodel and Bettenworth, 2009, p. 9). The acts of Nero became highly outrageous; thus he ended up burning Rome and started blaming Christians. Marcus went to save Lygia and her family but Nero captured them and demand both of them, as well as, Christians to be killed. However, Petronius, the trusted consultant of Nero cautioned Christians that they will be made martyrs and since he was tired of madness act s of Nero, Petronius decided to kill himself (Scodel and Bettenworth, 2009, p. 11). Marcus was later arrested due to an attempt of saving the family of Lygia and another person known as Peter was killed by being crucified upside down. Peter returned to Rome and married the couple arguing that it was a sign of the lord but he was eventually killed. In short, the story ends where Marcus is released from the prison and marries Lygia. Marcus replaced Nero and eventually people realized that he was the one who burnt Rome but not the Christians. People wanted to kill Nero but he escaped into the palace where he strangled Poppaea to death claiming that he was the one who attempted to scapegoat the Christians. In the palace, the slave of Nero appeared and offered to help Nero to terminate his life. After the death of Nero, Marcus and Lygia became free; thus they left Rome. By the roadside, the crosier that Peter had left after his return to Rome had already miraculously sprouted flowers; th us the radiant light uttered â€Å"I am the way, the truth and the life† (Scodel and Bettenworth, 2009, p. 12). The Way Filmmakers Use Roman Stories to Discuss Christianity Themes Filmmakers use Roman stories in order to discuss Christianity themes in diverse ways. One of the filmmakers that attempt to reveal the themes of Christianity is the Quo Vadis, which is an American epic film of 1951 that was directed by Mervyn LeRoy. An epic movie is a kind of film, which lays emphasis on human tragedy on a grand level and it is more ambitious in scale that any other genre films. Quo Vadis is one of the epic films because it attempts to reveal real human dramatic events or actions that took place in the ancient Roman. It attempts to reveal the way Christians were persecuted by some powerful leaders of the historical era in Rome. Quo Vadis is a Latin idiom meaning that â€Å"where are you going† but the modern usage of the idiom refers to a Christian tradition regarding Saint P eter (Scodel and Bettenworth, 2009, p. 21). The Filmmakers use Roman stories to discuss the theme of persecution or martyrdom in the life of Christians. For Christians, persecution or martyrdom is one of the significant aspects that strengthen their faith. The crucifixion of Christ and his death at the cross is what altered everything including the live of Christians. For instance, the epic film of Quo Vadis offers an example of people like Saint Peter and among other Christians who were persecuted because of their

I Think, Therefore I am Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I Think, Therefore I am - Essay Example This means that he is allowing credibility to only his consciousness and cognitive powers, and not to that of any other objective audience. Indeed his method leaves no room for the derivation of a third-person truth, which would require the acknowledgement of premises beyond the perceiving being's conscious self. Descartes arrives into this insight into the nature of existence after undergoing the three 'waves' of doubt. The first of these brings up the fact that knowledge based on sensory inputs has not always been shown up as reliable. The second is a doubt that all that we experience and feel, indeed, our very existence itself maybe only a dream, because a lot of our thoughts that take place while dreaming, are not in fact real, but they are very similar to our waking thoughts. The third, and the most diabolical one of them all, is that we may be the subject of deception by an evil demonic force that presents to us as irrefutable knowledge, that which is not true at all. The conclusion of "I think, Therefore I am", has been criticized on various grounds.

Public Praise and Its Impact on Purchasing Decisions

Public Praise and Its Impact on Purchasing Decisions Public Praise on Blogs: An investigation into its impact on brand advertising and customers purchasing decision-making in Chinese business market The Aims AND Objectives The proposed research is expected to produce an insight into the role performed by public praise and its impact on purchasing decisions. Web blogging is a new-marketing approach emerged only ten years (Dyrud, Worley and Quible, 2005). It enables business executives and traders to create and develop their own brand advertising and pose an impact on how purchasing decisions are made. The previous studies on the influence of the public praise are mostly concentrated on personally verbal exchanges (Wright, 2006, p. 46), but the current research will focus on the public praise by blogs and their influence in Chinese customers. The overall aims of the investigation are to demonstrate how the reliability and underlying impacts of public praise on blogs intervene in the brand advertising and purchasing decision-making of Chinese customers. The research objectives are listed as follows. Assess the influence of public praise through blogs in Chinese business market; Infer how public praise on blogs can be further improved in China; Explore what extent Chinese customers trust these blogs; Discuss the degree to which public praise effects Chinese consumers purchasing decision-making; Examine the degree of public praise that influences brand advertising in China (focusing on two groups of people: having a preference or not for specific brands). Peoples opinions on blogs will be collected to help learn how brand advertising and the purchasing decision-making are influenced by the power of public praise, so that I can acquire sufficient data for review. The outcomes of this proposed research will also aim to provide facts on Chinese public praise on blogs. The Context Of The Proposed Research Since people have written down their thoughts and share them through spoken communication, the public praises have emerged. They are depicted as a ‘view-spread from peoples mouths or ‘word-of-mouth (Christiansen and Tax, 2000, p. 185). Public praise is a strong traditional item in Chinese culture and plays a very important part in Chinese consuming notions. Nowadays, it is recognized as a powerful marketing instrument to support the sales of both tangible and intangible commodities to customers. When marching into the knowledge era, public praise is drawing more attention by people than traditional methods of distributing information. Many printed formats have been transformed to electronic forms published on the websites and blogs (Keng and Ting, 2008). The universal application of Internet is growing rapidly. With a pointer and click button, people can convey and receive information. In fact, it offers an opportunity for prospective customers to gain relevant information about their potential purchasing from various sources: through individual communication with different people who used to be strange but had knowledge of the corresponding articles. This proposed research will specifically discuss the functions of blogging as a platform for marketing and purchasing in China. A Preliminary Literature Review The Development Of Blogs In Marketing Before the emergence of Internet, people were seeking information about a particular purchase either in person or in words to their familiar people. It is the traditionally face-to-face marketing. The development of the Internet means that web communications have become attainable and presented a convenient way for information exchange. A potential buyer has only to input the brand or product name to online search engines. Then, diverse forms of online information providers like websites, blog or forum will give him/her the relevant information. Recently, consumers are becoming progressively aware of the articles displayed on blogs. Bloggers prefer to share their experiences in blogs. Accordingly, these blogs become the information exchange media of consumers. This sort of media gradually develops a tendency for consumers to seek information about new products or brands through blogs. According to the recent results of Neilsons research (2007), about 80% of global consumers allege that they are ready to accept and trust the suggestions of other people for commodities and services. In addition, around 90% of individual future buyers in China depend on recommendations from other buyers. Although blogs have developed into an advanced tool for merchandising, it is still not a corporate domain investigated by many investigators (Bokaie, 2008, p. 17). This research aims to fill this gap. The information exchange online is composed of various actions, such as uploading, downloading, balloting and participating. For businessmen, whether it is beneficial to invest in online advertising via blogs becomes a serious issue for consideration (p. 17). Nevertheless, there is no existing research on this matter to answer their inquiries. With this in mind, the proposed research attempts to reveal the factors that can have impacts on brand advertising and purchasing decision-making. Purchasing Decision-Making The decision-making in purchase links to consumers determination of buying. It is also related to their response after receiving the advice of marketing (Chang and Wildt, 1994). Customers decision-making in purchasing is highly correlated to their perceptions of charge and benefit in commodities (HÃ ¤ubl and Trifts, 2000, p. 6). Hence, it should be more accurately regarded as an aspiration rather than a taste. It has also searched for recognising why knowledge of different products and brands substantially impacts a buyers decision-making. The existing literature makes evident that public praise has a visible impact on consumer-purchasing behaviour (Christiansen and Tax, 2000). Customer satisfaction is widely recognized to be a crucial effect for a consumers future decision-making. Satisfied consumers will share their positive experiences with others and provide praise for advertising. By contrast, discontented customers incline to change their decisions and engage in negative feedbacks on advertising. From the above phenomena, it can be seen that public praise is an effective manner allowing consumers to reduce the time and perceived risks for decision because it can provide the detailed information about products or services. Thus clearly, public praise is a means of avoiding risks when purchasing and also a method of obtaining favourable or adverse knowledge on commodities, so that customers can make a valuable buying decision. Hypotheses Based on the aims and preliminary literature review, I deem the following hypotheses are my research focus. H1: Trust of public praise in blogs can pose a positive impact on brand advertising and purchasing decision-making. H2: The influence of public praise in blogs will have a positive impact on brand advertising and purchasing decision-making. H3: For brand supporters, trust of public praise on blogs can create a favourable impact on brand advertising and purchasing decision-making. H4: For brand supporters, the impacts of public praise on blogs will be beneficial in brand advertising and purchasing decision-making. Methodology And Sources Of Data Methodology Considerations Two research approaches will be used in this study. The first is a deductive approach, which is a well-established method for analysing the existing theories to describe certain phenomena (Gallaire, Minker and Nicolas, 1984, p. 153). It can also predict whether theories are expected to develop and allow the possibility of their altering in the future. The second is an inductive approach, which aims to establish a theoretical framework based on the empirical study (Thomas, 2003). This method can be used in conjunction with the deductive approach. The leading concern of this proposed study is the impact of public praise blogs on brand advertising and purchasing decision-making in the Chinese market. Consequently, it should concentrate mainly on understanding customers dispositions and gaining insight into customer behaviors linked to public praise. A deductive approach will be adopted for analysing the consequences of the statistical reviews. The data and any possible future tendencies for public praise blogs will be tested simultaneously based on the relevant theories. I attempt to design a concise questionnaire for Chinese blog writers and also their readers to complete, so that I am able to evaluate how public praise is spread by blogs and how it influences the consumers perceptions of brands and their purchasing decisions when they are considering what to buy. Additionally, this research intends to clarify the relationship between public praise, brand advertising and the customers purchasing decision-making. This research studies will take trust and influence as independent variables. Two dependent variables are brand advertising and purchasing decision-making. Brand supporters and non-brand supporters are the main focus groups in this research. The conceptual framework related to these variables will be presented in a model form. Apart from this, interpretive research will allow me to investigate and illustrate the relationships between variables, especially the cause-and-effect one. What is more, employing the survey strategy for the collection of data is appropriate here for hypothesis testing, and it is more useful in a quantitative context – the nature of the proposed study. There are three formats of question outline which can be applied in this survey. The first is nominal in nature. The replies to these questions are only ‘yes/ no or ‘true/false, which are predictable and very friendly in statistical analysis. The second requires respondents to use a five-point scale with the extreme ones matching strongly agree or strongly disagree. The third form is multiple options. All respondents are expected to sort out no more than three choices. Sampling Considerations Sampling design commences by defining the target population (Emory, 1980). This is a collection of elements or objects that hold the data searched by the investigators and with respect to which conclusions are to be drawn (Korn and Graubard, 1991). A non-probability sampling method will be adopted for this research because I have many suspicions about the practicality of the approach of employing a mixed interview group. Particularly, convenience sampling will be considered in this study and the surveys will be retrieved online by around 200 Chinese consumers (both blog writers and readers) who were selected randomly. The sample selection is ended when the sample size for pilot study has been obtained. Although this technique of sampling is widely used, it is likely to introduce bias and its influences can be beyond control. However, for a wide-ranging questionnaire survey, it is the simplest sampling strategy to collect reliable data. Data Collection In order to guarantee the reliability, validity and integrity of this study and avoid possible difficulties, the survey will be piloted on a group of ten Chinese blog users (5 males and 5 females), aged from 20 to 35. They will evaluate the validity and clarity of the entire framework and the inquiries of the survey. The question outline will be set in the three types I mentioned in the section of Methodology considerations, which can allow the respondents to reply following the instructions and regulations as principals without the probability of being an unstable or unpredictable response. This research concentrates on blog users in China and the review procedures are according to the application of a questionnaire offering a sample of the target population. The survey is employed to infer the relationship between public praise, brand advertising and the customers purchasing decision-making. It is possible to collect the associated facts by either empirical or library-based studies. With regard to this proposed research, the survey asks respondents several sets of questions to explore their opinions about Chinese bloggers and their subscribers. The survey will be retrieved using an online survey website and people from all walks of life will be encouraged to fill it out and forward the survey information to their acquaintances. The convenience of arranging an Internet group to complete the questionnaire is the greatest benefit of carrying out a question-based investigation online. Furthermore, the speed of response is relatively fast and the research expenditure is rel atively low because I do not need to encounter printing, paper or stamp costs. The questionnaire will be separated into four sections. Section one refers to individual data linked to the websites and blogs. The aim of the queries in this part is to conclude the respondents using habits related to the websites and blogs and to comprehend the principal incentive of web users both as blog subscribers and bloggers. Section two is to determine how public praise in blogs affects brand advertising and purchasing decision-making by concentrating on responsibility, strength, disposition and effect correlated to public praise in blogs. Section three deals, particularly, with how the consumers shared knowledge with other people by means of blogs influences their purchasing decision-making. Section four further collects the individual information. Secondary data are also applicable to giving contextual knowledge and academic support relevant to the empirical inquiry, the questions adopted and hypothesis formulation. In addition, it is normally the situation that documentary data has been summarised intentionally other than their applications in prompt research. There has also been a study of any existing documents linking to public praise, blogs, brand advertising and purchasing decision-making. Therefore, this research has comprised the use of periodicals, archives and online articles. All these resources will be explored and analysed. Even so, the enquiry of documents can certainly not be sufficient to support the proposed study. For this reason, it has been indispensable to collect primary data for this research. Data Analysis The data sets collected from questionnaires will be processed by statistical analysis. Statistics is a group of approaches and theories that can be employed to quantitative data when making judgements in the aspect of doubtfulness. Quantitative analysis methods help to compose plain charts or figures that indicate the frequency of event via setting up statistical associations between variables and complicated statistical models (Bernard, 1996, p. 24). Quantitative analysis enables the figures collected from the survey to be transcribed into diagrams and graphs, which gives the figures comprehensibility and makes it easier to grasp. The proposed study will use quantitative analysis and display results from the survey through statistical analysis with investigating the connection between the variables. Employing this means, it is likely to examine the association between public praise, brand advertising and customers purchasing decision-making, and display the results in unsophisticate d diagrams. When I finish gathering all the required information through online questionnaires, the unprocessed data will be coded into variable divisions using statistical analysis. The validity and accuracy of the data need to be confirmed before the hypothesis testing. In this situation, it may be essential to think about the correctness or faulty of hypotheses because they can be refused based on the testing results. The research will use the software SPSS to verify the research hypotheses. SPSS is usually applied by those scholars or investigators who involved in the social sciences, such as the fields of policy and educational research. The proposed project will be used to analyze the outcomes and identify factors that have been influenced by variables, so that the validity of the hypothesis can be proved. This research will first use descriptive statistics to analyze personal information, including all sorts of reliable variables. Subsequently, regression and one-way ANOVA analysis may be adopted to verify the four hypotheses. Research Limitations The research sample is initially randomly selected from my acquaintances in China, which may comprise the first inadequacy. Moreover, that the samples are all from the 20-35 identical age group also introduces some bias. It is rational to deduce that such a confined age group may have related experiences and attitudes linked to the matters scrutinized in this research. In this case, it is likely to affect the research outcomes and overall quality. The number of participants involved in the proposed research is also likely to be too small to show the sample representativeness. Furthermore, because the entire empirical stage will be processed online, it may be unattainable for me to have any in human liaison with the participants. As a result, it may be unlikely to examine whether the personal information is in detail or not. The participants will give their replies on the web survey. When they read it online, they may change some of their answers intentionally. Ethical Considerations The proposed research will follow the ethical guidelines of business studies based on the ‘code of ethics for author in Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) (2007). I will contact with my friends and acquaintances to obtain their permissions to complete my web survey. Also, the researcher stance should be considered. I need to be an outsider of their questionnaire completion. What is more, the guidelines suggest some items in relation to protection of individual privacy, such as informed consent, the right to withdraw, protecting the anonymity, participant reviews of data and so forth. Although the targeted blog users will be encouraged to engage in the study, it should be clear that they are not forced to fill in the online questionnaire and they may thus choose withdraw their answers. When I post my questionnaire survey online, I will write a general introduction about my background and interests to the respondents. Then, inform them in written form about my purpo se of the survey and my general intentions regarding the research. I will also welcome their questions left on my research blog, and answer them honestly. In order to protect the respondents anonymity, aliases will be used for all involved blog writers and readers as soon as the data are transcribed. Anticipated Outcomes The anticipated outcomes are expected to effectively test all the listed hypotheses and achieve the aims of the proposed research. As I mentioned before, although public praise as distributed by the Cyberspace has come to be a prevailing marketing instrument, it has not been considerably scrutinized yet. The main results of this proposed research will try to clarify the relationship between public praise, brand advertising and purchasing decision-making. The outcomes will be capable of implying fresh thoughts to firms when they intend to engage in public praise spreading in order to improve the positive effect of their brands and encourage purchasing in consumers. Bibliography Bernard, H. (1996), Qualitative Data, Quantitative Analysis. Cultural Anthropology Methods Journal, 8 (1), 23-26. Bokaie, J. (2008), Corporations get Personal: A growing number of company chiefs are bypassing copywriters to speak direct to consumers. Marketing, pp. 17. Chang, T.-Z. and Wildt, A. (1994), Price, Product Information, and Purchase Intention: An empirical study. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22 (1), 16-27. Christiansen, T. and Tax, S. (2000), The Questions of Who and When to Measure the Word of Mouth. marketing communications, 6, 185-199. Dyrud, M., Worley, R. and Quible, Z. (2005), Blogs: A Natural in Business Communication Courses. Business Communication Quarterly, 68, 73-76. Emory, W. (1980), Business Research Methods. Irwin: Homewood. Gallaire, H., Minker, J. and Nicolas, J.-M. (1984), Logic and Databases: A Deductive Approach. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 16 (2), 153-185. HÃ ¤ubl, G. and Trifts, V. (2000), Consumer Decision Making in Online Shopping Environments: The Effects of Interactive Decision Aids. Marketing Science, 19 (1), 4-21. JIBS. (2007), Code of Ethics. [Online]. Available at: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jibs/jibs_ethics_code.html. Last accessed 07/09/2009. Keng, C.-J. and Ting, H.-Y. (2008), The Acceptance of Blogs:Using a Customer Experiential Value Perspective (pp. 1-13). Taipei. Korn, E. and Graubard, B. (1991), Epidemiologic studies utilizing surveys: accounting for the sampling design. American Journal of Public Health, 81 (9), 1166-1173. Neilson, B. (2007), Consumer-Generated Media in the Age of the Web-Fortified Consumer. [Online]. Available at: http://www.nielsenbuzzmetrics.com/whitepapers. Last accessed 06/09/2009. Thomas, D. (2003), A General Inductive Approach for Qualitative Data Analysis: University of Auckland. Wright, J. (2006), Blog Marketing: The revolutionary new way to increase sales, build your brand, and get exceptional results. New York: McGraw-Hill.